Scale 1:350 Brand Hobbyboss (Kit score 9/10)
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The Kilo class, Soviet designation Project 877 Paltus (Russian: Па́лтус, meaning "halibut"), NATO reporting name Kilo, is a class of diesel-electric attack submarines designed and built in the Soviet Union for the Soviet Navy. The class was built until the mid-1990s, when production was switched to the more advanced Project 636 Varshavyanka variant, also known as Improved Kilo-class in the West.
Role
These attack submarines are mainly intended for anti-shipping and anti-submarine operations in relatively shallow waters. Original Project 877 boats are equipped with Rubikon MGK-400 sonar system (with NATO reporting name Shark Gill), which includes a mine detection and avoidance sonar MG-519 Arfa (with NATO reporting name Mouse Roar).
Newer Project 636 boats are equipped with improved MGK-400EM, with MG-519 Arfa also upgraded to MG-519EM. MGK 400E can detect submarines with 0.05 Pa/Hz noisiness in 16 km and surface vessels with 10 Pa/Hz noisiness in 100 km. The improved sonar systems have reduced the number of operators needed by sharing the same console via automation.
Anechoic tiles are fitted on casings and fins to absorb the sound waves of active sonar, which results in a reduction and distortion of the return signal. These tiles also help attenuate sounds that are emitted from the submarine, thus reducing the range at which the submarine may be detected by passive sonar.
Future
The Kilo class was to have been succeeded by the Lada class. However, by November 2011 it was apparent that the Lada-class would be delayed because Sankt Peterburg (B-585), the lead boat of the class, had shown major deficiencies. On 27 July 2012, the Russian Navy commander-in-chief announced that construction of the Lada-class submarines would resume, having undergone design changes. Series production was reported to be underway in the latter 2010s.
Nevertheless, the Russian Navy has also moved forward with the construction of Project 636.3, an improved version of the Kilo-class. Six units have been built for the Black Sea Fleet and further boats are being built for the Pacific and Baltic Fleets.
Variants
One Kilo-class submarine, B-871, was equipped with pump-jet propulsion.
The version Kilo 636MV (exported to Vietnam) contains a GE2-01 radar and an improved MGK 400E sonar. In this version, the submarine is also able to operate in more weather conditions than the original Kilo-class submarines.
Operators
The first submarine entered service in the Soviet Navy in 1980, and the class remains in use with the Russian Navy today. As of September 2011, 17 vessels were believed to still be in active service with the Russian Navy, while seven vessels were thought to be in reserve. 40 vessels have been exported to several countries:
Algeria: 2 Original Kilo (Project 877), 4 Improved Kilo (Project 636).
People's Republic of China: 2 Original Kilo (Project 877), 10 Improved Kilo (Project 636).
India: 10 Original Kilo (Project 877), 1 sustained major casualty; – Designated as the Sindhughosh class
Myanmar: one boat transferred from Indian Navy by March 2020.
Poland: 1 Original Kilo (Project 877) – ORP Orzeł.
Iran: 3 Original Kilo (Project 877).
Romania: 1 Original Kilo (Project 877) – Romanian submarine Delfinul.
Russia: 22 Original Kilo (Project 877),[27] 6 Improved Kilo (Project 636.3) and additional 6 Improved Kilo on order (636.3) for Pacific Fleet to be delivered 2019–2021. One more submarine was ordered in August 2020, during the International Military-Technical Forum "ARMY-2020".
Vietnam: 6 Improved Kilo (Project 636). Includes Vietnamese submarine Hồ Chí Minh City, Hà Nội, Hải Phòng, Đà Nẵng, Khánh Hoà, Bà Rịa-Vũng Tàu.
Specifications:
Displacement:
2,300–2,350 tons surfaced
3,000–4,000 tons submerged
Dimensions:
Length: 70–74 meters
Beam: 9.9 meters
Draft: 6.2–6.5 meters
Maximum speed
10–12 knots surfaced (18–22 km/h)
17–25 knots submerged (31–46 km/h)
Propulsion: Diesel-electric 5,900 shp (4,400 kW)
Maximum depth: 300 meters (240–250 meters operational)
Endurance
400 nautical miles (700 km) at 3 knots (6 km/h) submerged
6,000 nautical miles (11,000 km) at 7 knots (13 km/h) snorkeling (7,500 miles for the Improved Kilo class)
45 days sea endurance
Armament
Air defence: 8 Strela-3 or 8 Igla-1, but after sea trial it has been rejected by the navy.
Six 533 mm torpedo tubes with 18 53-65 ASuW or TEST 71/76 ASW torpedoes or VA-111 Shkval supercavitating torpedoes, or 24 DM-1 mines,
Kalibr-PL (export name Club-S) system comprising four launchers for individual anti-ship, anti-submarine and land attack cruise missiles[citation needed]
Crew: 52
Price per unit is US$200–250 million (China paid approx. US$1.5-2 billion for 8 Project 636 Kilo-class submarines)
The People's Liberation Army Navy Submarine Force (PLANSF) is the submarine service of the People's Liberation Army Navy. It consists of all types of submarines in operational service organized into three fleets: the North Sea Fleet, the East Sea Fleet, and the South Sea Fleet. Submarines have long been one of the three focuses of the People's Liberation Army Navy (the other two are aircraft and major surface combatants), and when the decision was made in late 2006 to concentrate on building other principal surface combatants to strengthen the air defense and to further delay the construction of aircraft carriers due to insufficient air cover, submarines will continue to play the lead dominant role in the assault force for the PLAN. Currently, PLANSF operates a fleet of 66 submarines which include nuclear as well as conventional submarines.
Its surface branch counterpart is the People's Liberation Army Navy Surface Force.
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