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USCGC Taney (WPG / WAGC / WHEC-37) (/ tɔːni /) es un
Guardacostas de los Estados Unidos de Alto Resistencia Cortador, notable como
la última nave flotante que luchó en el ataque a Pearl Harbor, aunque Taney fue
amarrado en el cercano puerto de Honolulu No el propio Pearl Harbor (un buque
no combatiente en Pearl Harbor, el remolcador de la marina estadounidense Hoga,
también permanece a flote). Fue nombrada por Roger B. Taney (1777-1864), quien
estuvo en varias ocasiones: Fiscal General de los Estados Unidos, Secretario
del Tesoro y Presidente del Tribunal Supremo.
Ella es también una de las dos cortadoras de la Guardia
Costera de la clase del Tesoro (de un total de siete) que todavía están a
flote. Sirviendo a su país durante 50 años, el Taney vio acción en ambos
teatros de combate en la Segunda Guerra Mundial, sirviendo como barco de mando
en la Batalla de Okinawa, y como parte de la escolta de la flota en el
Atlántico y el Mediterráneo. También sirvió en la Guerra de Vietnam en la
Operación Market Time. Taney participó en la búsqueda de Amelia Earhart en
1937, y también ha patrullado los mares que trabajan en la interdicción de
drogas y la protección de la pesca. [3]
Ella ahora es una nave del museo en el puerto interno de
Baltimore, Maryland, y fue designada una señal histórica nacional en 1988.
1936–41
Roger B.
Taney, Coast Guard Builders No. 68, was laid on 1 May 1935 at the Philadelphia
Navy Yard. She was launched on 3 June 1936 and was sponsored by Miss Corinne F.
Taney. She was commissioned at Philadelphia on 24 October 1936 under the
command of CDR W. K. Thompson, USCG. The Roger B. Taney departed Philadelphia
on 19 December, transited the Panama Canal from 27 to 29 December, and arrived
at her home port, Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii, on 18 January 1937. She
conducted local operations out of Honolulu through the summer of 1937. On 16
June 1937, she transferred a number of her crew for temporary duty to USCGC
Itasca. The Itasca was preparing to lend navigational support to Amelia
Earhart's flight around the world. In May or June 1937 Roger B. Taney's name
was shortened to simply Taney.
The Taney
had arrived in the Pacific at a time when the United States, and Pan-American
Airways in particular, was expanding its commercial air travel capabilities.
The "Clipper" flights across the Pacific to the Far East made islands
like Hawaii, Midway, Guam, and Wake Island important way-stations. Other
islands and islets assumed greater importance when a route across the South
Pacific was mapped out to Australia and Samoa. The military benefits which
accrued to the United States by its expansion onto some of the more strategic
bits of land in the broad Pacific were not lost upon President Franklin D.
Roosevelt, who undertook, in the late 1930s, to annex territory in the Pacific.
Two such
places were Kanton and Enderbury Islands. The Taney played a role in their
colonization by the United States. In early March 1938, the Coast Guard cutter
loaded supplies and embarked colonists who would establish the claim of the
United States upon the two islands that seemed—at least to the uninitiated—to
be mere hunks of coral, rock, and scrub in the Central Pacific. She disembarked
four Hawaiians at Enderbury Island on 6 March 1938 and landed a second
contingent—of seven colonists—at Canton Island on the next day. The men,
assisted by the Coast Guardsmen, erected buildings and laid the foundations for
future signal towers.
The Coast
Guard's task over the ensuing years leading up to the outbreak of war in the
Pacific was to supply these isolated way-stations along the transpacific air
routes and to relieve the colonists at stated intervals. Taney performed these
supply missions into 1940. Meanwhile, tension continued to rise in the Far East
as Japan cast covetous glances at the American, British, Dutch, and French
colonial possessions and marched deeper into embattled China.
As the Navy
and Coast Guard began gradually increasing and augmenting the armament on its
vessels to prepare them for the inexorably advancing war, Taney underwent her
first major rearmament at the Pearl Harbor Navy Yard in December 1940. She
received her last major pre-war refit at the Mare Island Navy Yard, Vallejo,
California, in the spring of the following year, 1941. On 25 July 1941, the
Coast Guard cutter was transferred to the Navy and reported for duty with the
local defense forces of the 14th Naval District, maintaining her base at
Honolulu.
Outside
another "line island cruise" in the late summer, Taney operated
locally out of Honolulu into the critical fall of 1941. She conducted regular
harbor entrance and channel patrols, alternating often with one of the four old
destroyers of Destroyer Division 80: USS Allen, Schley, Chew, and Ward.
World War
II
The
message: "Air Raid, Pearl Harbor. This is no drill" came at 07:55 on
7 December 1941, as Japanese planes swept overhead in an attempt to cripple the
Pacific Fleet. Taney, moored alongside Pier 6, Honolulu harbor, manned her
anti-aircraft guns swiftly when word of the surprise attack reached her
simultaneously. As no Japanese attacks were directed at Honolulu harbor, the
Coast Guard cutter was only given the opportunity to fire at stray aircraft
which happened to venture into her vicinity. She was firing upon unidentified
aircraft as late as noon, indicating that the eager Coast Guardsmen were
probably shooting at American planes—not Japanese.[4] Coast Guardsmen from the
Taney were ordered to take up defensive positions around Aloha Tower and
protect it from being occupied.
Taney
patrolled the waters off Honolulu for the remainder of 1941 and into 1942,
conducting many depth charge attacks on suspected submarines in the wake of the
Pearl Harbor attack. During this time, the ship received the classification
WPG-37. On 22 January 1942, the cutter departed Honolulu in company with USAT
Barbara Olson,[5] and arrived at Kanton Island on 28 January 1942. After
sending a working party ashore to unload supplies, Taney screened Barbara Olson
offshore until 7 February 1942, when both ships got under way to evacuate the
American colony on Enderbury Island. Embarking the four colonists at 10:15 that
day, Taney shelled the island and destroyed its buildings to prevent them from
being used by Japanese forces. Taney subsequently escorted her merchantman
consort to Jarvis Island, where she evacuated the four Interior Department
colonists and burned all structures to the ground before departing. Reaching
Palmyra Atoll on 12 February 1942, the ships remained there until 15 February
1942, before Taney headed back for the Hawaiian Islands, arriving at Honolulu
on 5 March 1942. She made another voyage to Palmyra Island later that spring
and when heading back to Hawaii, she received orders to search for survivors in
the waters around Midway Island after the Battle of Midway, including a stop at
the island itself.
Taney
operated locally out of Honolulu into 1943 before sailing for Boston late that
winter. Prior to heading for the east coast, the ship received a re-gunning at
Mare Island, being fitted with four single-mount 5-inch guns, making her the
only ship in her class with this modification. After making port at Boston on
14 March 1944, Taney soon shifted south to Hampton Roads, where she arrived on
31 March 1944. Early in April, she departed Norfolk as a unit of Task Force 66
(TF 66) as convoy guide for convoy UGS-38. The passage across the Atlantic
proved uneventful, as the convoy made landfall off the Azores on 13 April 1944.
Some 35
minutes after sunset on 20 April 1944, however, the convoy was spotted and
tracked by the Germans, who launched a three-pronged attack with Junkers Ju 88
and Heinkel He 111 medium bombers. Each flew very low, using the shoreline as a
background, thus confusing the search radar of the Allied ships. The first wave
struck from dead ahead, torpedoing SS Paul Hamilton and SS Samite. The former,
which had been carrying both a load of ammunition and hundreds of Army Air
Force personnel, blew up in a shattering explosion killing all 504 men on
board.
The second
wave of German torpedo planes hit the SS Stephen F. Austin and SS Royal Star.
During this melee, two torpedoes churned past Taney close aboard. The third
wave mortally wounded USS Lansdale, which later sank. All of the damaged
vessels — save Paul Hamilton and Lansdale — reached Bizerte, Tunisia, on 21
April 1944. Taney later departed Bizerte with homeward-bound convoy GUS-38 and
arrived at New York City on 21 May 1944.
Taney
participated in two more round-trip convoy escort missions, with convoys
UGS/GUS-45 and UGS/GUS-52. Detached as a unit of TF 66 on 9 October 1944, she
sailed for the Boston Navy Yard soon thereafter for extensive yard work to
convert her to an amphibious command ship. During this metamorphosis, Taney —
classified as WAGC-37 — was fitted with accommodations for an embarked flag
officer and his staff, as well as with increased communications and radar
facilities. Her main battery also underwent change: she now sported two
open-mount 5-inch guns, as well as 40- and 20-millimeter antiaircraft guns.
With the work completed in early January 1945, Taney departed Boston on 19
January 1945, bound for Norfolk, Virginia.
She
conducted shakedown and training in her new configuration before departing the
east coast and sailing, via the Panama Canal and San Diego, to Hawaii. Arriving
at Pearl Harbor on 22 February 1945, she soon embarked Rear Admiral Calvin H.
Cobb and later underwent various minor repairs. New communications equipment
was also installed before the ship departed the Hawaiian Islands for the
Marshalls on 10 March 1945.
Taney
proceeded independently via Eniwetok and arrived at Ulithi on 23 March 1945,
remaining there until 7 April 1945. Joining Task Group 51.8 (TG 51.8), the
amphibious command ship proceeded to Okinawa and arrived off the Hagushi
beaches amidst air raid alerts on 11 April. During one raid, her antiaircraft
gunners scored at least three hits on a Mitsubishi G4M "Betty" bomber
which crossed the ship's bow 1,200 yards (1,100 m) away, and later during her
first day at Okinawa experienced four more "red alerts". The ship
briefly shifted to Kerama Retto from 13 to 15 April before returning to Hagushi
on the latter date.
By the end
of May 1945, Taney had gone to general quarters 119 times, with the crew
remaining at battle stations for up to nine hours at a stretch. During this
period off Okinawa in April and May, Taney downed four suicide planes and assisted
in numerous other "kills". The command ship also conducted combat
information center duties, maintaining complete radar and air coverage,
receiving and evaluating information on both friendly and enemy activities. On
one occasion, Taney's duties took her close inshore close enough to even
receive fire close aboard from a Japanese shore battery.
Suicide air
attacks by the Japanese continued throughout June 1945, although most were
intercepted by combat air patrol (CAP) fighters and downed before they could
reach their targets. Such raids took place on 18 out of 30 days that month. On
25 June 1945, at 01:20, a float seaplane passed near Taney, provoking return
fire from the command ship and batteries ashore which combined to splash the
intruder. During this month-long period, at least 288 enemy planes attacked the
ships in Taney's vicinity, and at least 96 of these were destroyed.
As if the
Japanese menace alone were not enough, in mid-July 1945 a typhoon forced the
ships at Hagushi to take evasive action. Taney led a convoy eastward on 19 July
1945 and returned the next day when the storm passed. She performed the same
duties again on 1 August 1945 when she led a convoy to sea on typhoon-evasion
operations. The ship returned to its anchorage on 3 August 1945.
The end of
the war found Taney still off Okinawa. On 16 August 1945, she got under way to
support USS Pennsylvania (BB-38) as three Japanese planes were detected
approaching from the northeast. One crashed 30 miles (48 km) to the north, and
two splashed into the sea shortly thereafter. On 25 August 1945, TG 95.5 was
dissolved, and Rear Admiral Cobb, who had been embarked during the Okinawa
campaign, hauled down his flag and departed.
Taney soon
proceeded to Japan, where she took part in the occupation of Wakayama,
anchoring off the port city on 11 September 1945 and sending a working party
ashore the next day. While anchored there, Taney weathered a typhoon on 17
September 1945. She was, in fact, one of the few ships which stayed at her
berth during the storm, her ground tackle holding well in the sticky clay
bottom.
Departing
Wakayama on 14 October 1945, Taney returned to the west coast of the United
States, via Midway, and arrived at San Francisco on 29 October 1945. Moving on
for the east coast, Taney transited the Panama Canal and later arrived at her
ultimate destination, Charleston, South Carolina, on 29 November 1945. During
the ensuing period of conversion, the Coast Guard vessel was reconfigured as a
patrol cutter. She now sported a main battery of a single-mount 5-inch gun, a
hedgehog, a twin 40-millimeter mount, and two 20-millimeter guns, in addition
to depth charge tracks and projectors and was reclassified once again as
WPG-37.
Upon
shifting back to the west coast, Taney was based at Alameda, California until
February 1972. Her primary post-war duty was serving as an ocean station
weather ship. The weather patrols (later termed "ocean station
patrols") consisted of sailing for three weeks on assigned stations in the
Pacific, and each cutter assigned performed four or five such patrols each
year. Their primary task was to report meteorological information, which was
used in weather forecasts for the burgeoning trans-Pacific commercial air
traffic as well as for surface vessels. The ocean station vessels also provided
communications and navigation assistance and were always standing by for search
and rescue emergencies. She also conducted dedicated law enforcement and search
and rescue patrols, or stood on search and rescue standby, when she was not on
ocean station duty.
In June
through July 1949 Taney served on Ocean Station Fox and later in July she
served on Ocean Station Able. In June 1950 she served on Ocean Station Oboe and
in September she served on Ocean Station Fox. In January through February 1951
she served on Ocean Station Uncle and the following year, August to September,
she served on Ocean Station Uncle.
Later in
1952, from November to December, she served on Ocean Station Nan. In April to
May 1953 Taney served on Ocean Station Victor and in June of that year she
served on Ocean Station Victor. From 4 to 25 October 1953 she served on Ocean
Station Uncle and from June to July 1954 she served on Ocean Station Nan. In
November of that same year she again served on Ocean Station Nan. In March and
April and again in June and July 1956 she served on Ocean Station November. She
again served on Ocean Station November from January to February, June to July,
and October to November 1957 and from February to March and August 1958. She
served on Ocean Station Romeo from October to November 1958. She served on
Ocean Station November from December 1958 to January 1959, May to June, and
October to November 1959.
The Taney
served on Ocean Station November in March and April 1960. A unique honor occurred
on 27 April 1960 when Taney, as the senior U.S. ship present, hosted French
President Charles de Gaulle on his tour of San Francisco Bay. She then served
on Ocean Station November in August 1960. She served again on Ocean Station
November in January and then from May to June 1961.
1965–66
On 1 May
1965 the Treasury-class vessels were re-designated as High Endurance Cutters or
WHEC. This designation indicated a multi-mission ship able to operate at sea
for 30–45 days without support and Taney was then re-classified as WHEC-37. In
March 1965 she conducted an Alaskan Patrol and on 29 March she successfully
fought a fire on board the disabled fishing vessel Glacier Bear 15 miles (24
km) south of Cape Fairweather and then towed her to safety. In May 1965, off
northern California, she kept the Soviet refrigerator ship Chernjakhovsk under
close surveillance.
In 1966
Taney undertook a 90-day "Double VICTOR Cruise". She departed Alameda
on 26 August and arrived at Pearl Harbor on 1 September, where she refueled
before steaming to Honolulu, mooring at Berth 8. She departed Honolulu on 3
September en route Ocean Station Victor via Midway Island, arriving at the
latter on 6 September, departing the same day. On 8 September 1966 Taney
crossed the 180th meridian and then arrived at Ocean Station Victor on 11
September, relieving USCGC Chautauqua (WHEC-41). She served on Victor until
relieved by USCGC Winnebago (WHEC-40) on 1 October, then steamed towards
Yokosuka, Japan. Here the crew enjoyed liberty before again heading back to the
ocean station. She arrived at Victor on 22 October, relieving Winnebago. On 4
November Typhoon Marie passed close aboard Taney, with winds gusting close to
70 knots (130 km/h), but she weathered the storm without damage. On 12 November
1966 Taney was relieved again by Winnebago and she then steamed to Midway
Island to refuel before heading back to Alameda, arriving there on 20 November.
1968–71
The Taney
served on Ocean Station November from 7 to 28 January 18 February to 10 March
21 April to 12 May and 27 October to 17 November 1968. Her final assignment to
Ocean Station November was from 19 January to 9 February 1969. She was then
ordered for duty with Coast Guard Squadron Three which was supporting the
Navy's Operation Market Time patrols off the coast of Vietnam. There Taney
served a 10-month tour of duty, providing naval gunfire support and preventing
enemy infiltration along the coastal routes used by the Viet Cong and North
Vietnamese forces.
She
departed U.S. waters in April 1969 and arrived in theater on 14 May 1969 and
she served in the area until 31 January 1970. During her tour of duty, Taney
steamed for over 52,000 miles (84,000 km) and inspected over 1,000 vessels. She
participated in dozens of naval gunfire support missions, firing more than
3,400 five-inch (127 mm) shells at Viet Cong positions. Her medical staff also
treated over 6,000 Vietnamese villagers. For her service, the government of the
Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) awarded Taney the Vietnam Gallantry Cross
with palm and the Vietnam Civil Actions Medal with palm. After departing
Vietnamese waters, she arrived at Alameda in February 1970.
After
returning to U.S. waters, she once again began serving on ocean stations. From
30 August to 20 September 1970 and from 3 to 24 January 1971 she served on
Ocean Station November. From 28 March to 18 and 9 April to 30 May 1971 she
served on Ocean Station Victor. She served on Ocean Station November from 22
August to 12 September and again from 24 October to 14 November 1971.
1972–86
In February
1972 Taney was shifted back to the east coast and was homeported at Norfolk.
From 13 to 22 October 1972 she served on Ocean Station Hotel. From 28 October
to 17 November 1972 she served on Ocean Station Delta. From 26 January to 15
February and 17 April to 7 May 1973 she served on Ocean Station Bravo. As the
ocean stations were decommissioned during the early 1970s due to advances in
radar and electronic navigation, Taney was assigned exclusively to the only
station still operational: Ocean Station Hotel off the coasts of Maryland and
Virginia. Fitted with a special storm-tracking antenna housed in a distinctive
bulbous dome fitted atop her pilot house, Taney deployed seven times yearly,
conducting 21 deployments 200 miles (320 km) off the coast. This last ocean
station had been established to track storms threatening the middle states on
the east coast which had often struck without warning. Eventually, the use of
more sophisticated storm-tracking satellites and radars rendered this station
obsolete. Hence, Ocean Station Hotel was closed down in 1977 and the Taney
gained the distinction of being the last Coast Guard cutter to serve on an
ocean station.
The
mid-1970s were a period of transition for the Coast Guard with the passage of
the Fisheries Conservation and Management Act and the nation's shift towards
increased interdiction of narcotics smugglers. These operations called for
off-shore patrols of up to three weeks. From September 1976 through her
decommissioning she was stationed at Portsmouth, Virginia and began law
enforcement and search and rescue patrols.
In December
1976 she assisted the sailboat Capella 200 miles (320 km) off New York. In
December 1979 Taney helped seize the F/V Eneida for narcotics violations. On 15
January 1980, she seized the M/V Ameila Isle 425 miles (684 km) east of Fort
Pierce, Florida, carrying 4 tons of contraband. In December 1980 she seized the
British-flagged M/V Party Doll which was carrying 10 tons of contraband.
Despite being the long arm of the law at sea she continued in her traditional
Coast Guard humanitarian mission of search and rescue as well. On 16 November
1982, she rescued seven persons from the disabled ketch Klarwasser off the
coast of North Carolina and rescued 19 migrants off the sailboat Apre Dien Ni.
In May 1985 she assisted the disabled F/V Northwind 300 miles (480 km) off New
York. She also continued nabbing drug smugglers. On 30 September 1984, she
seized the P/C Thriller in the Yucatán Channel, carrying 1,000 pounds of
marijuana. Her final bust occurred on 4 October 1985 when she seized the M/V
Sea Maid I which was towing a barge that carried 160 tons of marijuana 300
miles (480 km) off Virginia.[6]
Fate
She was
formally decommissioned on 7 December 1986 and turned over to the city of
Baltimore, Maryland, for use as a museum ship. Over her distinguished career,
Taney received three battle stars for World War II service and numerous theater
ribbons for service in World War II, the Korean War, and Vietnam War.
In 1988,
the USCGC Taney (WHEC-37), Structure – #88001826, was added to the National
Register of Historic Places.[1] She was designated a National Historic Landmark
on the same day.[2] The Taney is located in the historic Baltimore Inner Harbor
as part of the Historic Ships in Baltimore collection. Taney is included in the
Baltimore National Heritage Area.[7]
Liberty
ship Roger B Taney was also named for the Chief Justice. She was laid down at
the Bethlehem-Fairfield Shipyard Inc., at Baltimore Maryland on 21 June 1941
and launched 6 December 1941. She was commissioned as a U.S. Army Transport on
9 February 1942. On 2 July 1943 she was torpedoed in the South Atlantic, and 3
crew members died.
History
United
States
Name: USCGC Taney (WPG/WHEC-37)
Namesake: Roger B. Taney
Builder: Philadelphia Naval Shipyard
Laid down: 1 May 1935
Launched: 3 June 1936
Commissioned:
24 October 1936
Decommissioned:
7 December 1986
Motto:
Semper Paratus
(Always Ready)
Fate: Museum ship
General
characteristics
Class and
type: Treasury-class
cutter
Displacement:
2,216 long tons (2,252 t; 2,482 short
tons)
Length: 327 ft (99.67 m)o/a
Beam: 41 ft (12.50 m)
Draft: 12.5 ft (3.81 m)
Propulsion:
2 oil-fueled Babcock & Wilcox boilers
2 shafts
Westinghouse geared turbines
6,200 ihp (4,600 kW)
Speed: 20.5 knots (38.0 km/h)
Range: 12,300 nautical miles (22,780 km) at 11 knots
(20.4 km/h)
Capacity: 135,180 US gallons (511,712 L)
Complement:
1937: 12 officers, 4 warrants, 107 enlisted
1941: 16 officers, 5 warrants, 200 enlisted
1966: 10 officers, 3 warrants, 133 enlisted
Sensors and
processing
systems:
1945:
Radar: SK, SG-1
Fire Control Radar: Mk-26
Sonar: QC series
1966:
Radar: AN/SPS-29D; AN/SPA-52
Fire Control Radar: Mk-26 MOD 4
Sonar: AN/SQS-11
Armament:
1936:
3 × 5″/51 cal
2 × 6-pounders
1 × 1-pounder
1941:
2 × 5"/51 caliber guns
4 × 3"/50 caliber guns
2 × depth charge racks
1 × "Y" gun depth charge
projector
1943:
4 × 5"/38 caliber guns (only
cutter in class to be so armed)
1945:
2 × 5″/38 cal turret
6 × 40 mm/60 cal (twin mount)
4 × 20 mm/80 cal
1946:
1 × 5″/38 cal turret
1 × 40mm/60 cal (twin mount)
2 × 20mm/80 cal
1 × Hedgehog
2 × depth charge racks
? × depth charge projectors
1966:
1 × 5″/38 cal turret
1 × Mk52 MOD3 Director
1 × Mk10-1 Hedgehog
2 (P&S) × Mk32 MOD5TT
4 × MK44 MOD1 torpedoes
2 × 50cal MK2 Browning MG
2 × MK13 high altitude parachute flare
mortars
Aircraft
carried: 1 Grumman JF-2
Duck
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