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USS Hammerhead (SS-364), a Balao-class[10] submarine, was the first ship of the United States Navy to be named for the hammerhead shark; a shark found in warm seas with a flattened anterior forward of the gill slits, presenting a hammer-like silhouette when viewed from above.
The first Hammerhead was launched 24 October 1943 by Manitowoc Shipbuilding Co. of Manitowoc, Wisc.; sponsored by Mrs. R. W. Berry; and commissioned 1 March 1944, Commander J. C. Martin in command.
After a month's training in Lake Michigan Hammerhead was placed in a floating drydock and towed down the Mississippi River to New Orleans, La., where she arrived 8 April 1944. She subsequently proceeded to Balboa, Canal Zone, for further training, and thence to Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.
First patrol, June – August 1944
The submarine departed Pearl Harbor on her first war patrol 6 June 1944 in company with Steelhead (SS-280) and Parche (SS-384). Cruising the seas south of Formosa, her first engagement came 9 June when she sank a sampan with gunfire. She then encountered a coastal oiler 29 June and closed for the attack, but the topedoes failed to strike home and a surprise aerial attack forced the sub down. Next day Hammerhead damaged several ships of a convoy. She made port at Fremantle, Australia 17 August 1944.
Second patrol, September – November 1944
Hammerhead's second war patrol was conducted in the Java and South China Seas. She departed Fremantle 9 September and made her first attack the night of 1 October, when a convoy consisting of four cargo ships, one oiler, and three escorts was detected off Borneo. Hammerhead fired 10 torpedoes, scored a total of 6 hits, and sent 3 of the cargo ships to the bottom.
The morning of 20 October the submarine found still another six ship convoy, and after evading one of the escorts delivered a six-torpedo attack. Two more cargo ships fell victim to Hammerhead's marksmanship. The submarine returned from this highly successful patrol 2 November 1944, and was later awarded the Navy Unit Commendation for her outstanding performance.
Third and fourth patrols, November 1944 – March 1945
The submarine commenced her third war patrol 25 November, returning to the South China Sea. On this cruise she operated with Lapon (SS-260) and Paddle (SS-263), and although several attacks were made, no sinkings resulted. She returned to Fremantle 17 January 1945.
Hammerhead departed on her fourth war patrol 19 February, in company with Baya (SS-318). Patrolling off Cape Varella, she detected a convoy and two escorts 23 February and while closing the cargo ships obtained a perfect shot on an escort. A spread of four torpedoes sank Japanese frigate Yaku. Due to the illness of her commanding officer, the submarine was forced to end her patrol, and moored at Subic Bay 3 March 1945.
Fifth and sixth patrols, March – May 1945
Beginning her fifth war patrol 10 March 1945, Hammerhead proceeded to the coast of Indochina, where on 29 March she detected a large escorted convoy. Working her way inside the screen, the submarine was able to get a clear shot at an escort vessel, and a single hit broke her in two. After sinking the escort, Hammerhead damaged other members of the group before retiring. She returned from this war patrol 6 April 1945, mooring at Subic Bay, Philippines.
For her sixth war patrol Hammerhead operated in the Gulf of Siam. She arrived 6 May and that night encountered a small tanker and two escorts. After missing with two torpedoes at extreme range the submarine found the mark in a second attack, sinking the tanker Kinrei Maru. Hammerhead attacked other ships of the convoy without success and after a depth charge attack decided to break off. Sighting a cargo carrier 14 May with only an aircraft escort, Hammerhead made a perfect approach and sank the ship with two torpedoes. She returned from this patrol 25 May.
The first Hammerhead was launched 24 October 1943 by Manitowoc Shipbuilding Co. of Manitowoc, Wisc.; sponsored by Mrs. R. W. Berry; and commissioned 1 March 1944, Commander J. C. Martin in command.
After a month's training in Lake Michigan Hammerhead was placed in a floating drydock and towed down the Mississippi River to New Orleans, La., where she arrived 8 April 1944. She subsequently proceeded to Balboa, Canal Zone, for further training, and thence to Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.
First patrol, June – August 1944
The submarine departed Pearl Harbor on her first war patrol 6 June 1944 in company with Steelhead (SS-280) and Parche (SS-384). Cruising the seas south of Formosa, her first engagement came 9 June when she sank a sampan with gunfire. She then encountered a coastal oiler 29 June and closed for the attack, but the topedoes failed to strike home and a surprise aerial attack forced the sub down. Next day Hammerhead damaged several ships of a convoy. She made port at Fremantle, Australia 17 August 1944.
Second patrol, September – November 1944
Hammerhead's second war patrol was conducted in the Java and South China Seas. She departed Fremantle 9 September and made her first attack the night of 1 October, when a convoy consisting of four cargo ships, one oiler, and three escorts was detected off Borneo. Hammerhead fired 10 torpedoes, scored a total of 6 hits, and sent 3 of the cargo ships to the bottom.
The morning of 20 October the submarine found still another six ship convoy, and after evading one of the escorts delivered a six-torpedo attack. Two more cargo ships fell victim to Hammerhead's marksmanship. The submarine returned from this highly successful patrol 2 November 1944, and was later awarded the Navy Unit Commendation for her outstanding performance.
Third and fourth patrols, November 1944 – March 1945
The submarine commenced her third war patrol 25 November, returning to the South China Sea. On this cruise she operated with Lapon (SS-260) and Paddle (SS-263), and although several attacks were made, no sinkings resulted. She returned to Fremantle 17 January 1945.
Hammerhead departed on her fourth war patrol 19 February, in company with Baya (SS-318). Patrolling off Cape Varella, she detected a convoy and two escorts 23 February and while closing the cargo ships obtained a perfect shot on an escort. A spread of four torpedoes sank Japanese frigate Yaku. Due to the illness of her commanding officer, the submarine was forced to end her patrol, and moored at Subic Bay 3 March 1945.
Fifth and sixth patrols, March – May 1945
Beginning her fifth war patrol 10 March 1945, Hammerhead proceeded to the coast of Indochina, where on 29 March she detected a large escorted convoy. Working her way inside the screen, the submarine was able to get a clear shot at an escort vessel, and a single hit broke her in two. After sinking the escort, Hammerhead damaged other members of the group before retiring. She returned from this war patrol 6 April 1945, mooring at Subic Bay, Philippines.
For her sixth war patrol Hammerhead operated in the Gulf of Siam. She arrived 6 May and that night encountered a small tanker and two escorts. After missing with two torpedoes at extreme range the submarine found the mark in a second attack, sinking the tanker Kinrei Maru. Hammerhead attacked other ships of the convoy without success and after a depth charge attack decided to break off. Sighting a cargo carrier 14 May with only an aircraft escort, Hammerhead made a perfect approach and sank the ship with two torpedoes. She returned from this patrol 25 May.
Séptima patrulla, junio - agosto de 1945
Hammerhead partió de Fremantle el 21 de junio en su séptima y última patrulla de guerra, también llevada a cabo en el Golfo de Siam, en compañía de otros tres submarinos. Su principal ataque de esta patrulla ocurrió el 10 de julio, cuando hundió los barcos de carga Sakura Maru y Nanmei Maru No. 5. La patrulla fue cerrada el 21 de agosto de 1945 en Pearl Harbor.Desmantelamiento, 1945
Hammerhead llegó a Mare Island, California, para ser desmantelado el 20 de agosto de 1945 y retirado del servicio el 9 de febrero de 1946. Luego la colocaron en la Flota de la Reserva en Mare Island.Segundo período en comisión, 1952-1953
Hammerhead fue sacado de la reserva durante la Guerra de Corea, puesto en servicio nuevamente el 6 de febrero de 1952, y se dedicó a entrenar en la costa oeste entre San Diego y San Francisco, California, hasta el 21 de agosto de 1953, cuando se desmanteló para regresar a la Flota de Reserva.TCG Cerbe (S 341)
Destinado a préstamo bajo el Programa de Asistencia Militar, el veterano submarino se convirtió en un submarino GUPPY en el Astillero Naval Mare Island y se lo volvió a enviar nuevamente el 16 de julio de 1954 para prepararse para la transferencia. Desarmado y prestado a Turquía el 23 de octubre de 1954, la Marina de Turquía la encargó de nuevo como TCG Cerbe (S 341), el primer submarino de ese nombre. Inicialmente designada como S 03, posteriormente fue redesignada S 341. El submarino se vendió formalmente a Turquía el 1 de enero de 1972, y posteriormente se desechó.PremiosHammerhead recibió siete estrellas de batalla y un Encomio de la Unidad de la Armada para el servicio de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Las siete patrullas de guerra fueron designadas exitosas.
HistoriaEstados UnidosNombre: HammerheadConstructor: Manitowoc Shipbuilding Co., Manitowoc, Wisconsin [1]Dispuesto: 5 de mayo de 1943 [1]Lanzado: 24 de octubre de 1943 [1]Oficial:
1 de marzo de 1944 - 9 de febrero de 1946 [1]
6 de febrero de 1952 - 21 de agosto de 1953 [1]
16 de julio - 23 de octubre de 1954 [2]
Golpeado: 1 de enero de 1972 [3]Destino:
Transferido a Turquía,
23 de octubre de 1954 [3]
Turco JackTurkeyNombre: TCG Cerbe (S 341)Adquirido: 23 de octubre de 1954Encargado: 23 de octubre de 1954Desarmado: 4 de mayo de 1972Destino: DesechadoCaracterísticas generalesClase y tipo: submarino diesel-eléctrico Gato-clase [3]Desplazamiento:
1,525 toneladas (1,549 t) aparecieron [3]
2.424 toneladas (2.460 t) sumergidas [3]
Longitud: 311 pies 9 in (95.02 m) [3]Haz: 27 pies 3 pulg. (8,31 m) [3]Calado: 17 pies 0 in (5.18 m) máximo [3]Propulsión:
4 × Motores diesel modelo 16-278A V16 de General Motors que conducen generadores eléctricos [4] [5]
2 pilas de Sargo de 126 celdas [6]
Motores eléctricos General Electric de 4 × alta velocidad con engranajes de reducción [4]
dos hélices [4]
5.400 shp (4.0 MW) a la superficie [4]
2.740 shp (2.0 MW) sumergidos [4]
Velocidad:
21 nudos (39 km / h) surgieron [7]
9 nudos (17 km / h) sumergidos [7]
Rango: 11,000 nmi (20,000 km) con superficie a 10 nudos (19 km / h) [7]Resistencia:
48 horas a 2 nudos (4 km / h) sumergidos [7]
75 días en patrulla
Profundidad de prueba: 300 pies (90 m) [7]Complemento: 6 oficiales, 54 alistados [7] (paz); 80-85 (guerra) [8]Armamento:
Tubos de torpedo de 10 × 21 pulgadas (533 mm) (seis adelante, cuatro atrás, 24 torpedos)
una pistola de cubierta calibre 3 in (76 mm) / 50
dos ametralladoras .30 cal (7.62 mm) [9]
Hammerhead partió de Fremantle el 21 de junio en su séptima y última patrulla de guerra, también llevada a cabo en el Golfo de Siam, en compañía de otros tres submarinos. Su principal ataque de esta patrulla ocurrió el 10 de julio, cuando hundió los barcos de carga Sakura Maru y Nanmei Maru No. 5. La patrulla fue cerrada el 21 de agosto de 1945 en Pearl Harbor.Desmantelamiento, 1945
Hammerhead llegó a Mare Island, California, para ser desmantelado el 20 de agosto de 1945 y retirado del servicio el 9 de febrero de 1946. Luego la colocaron en la Flota de la Reserva en Mare Island.Segundo período en comisión, 1952-1953
Hammerhead fue sacado de la reserva durante la Guerra de Corea, puesto en servicio nuevamente el 6 de febrero de 1952, y se dedicó a entrenar en la costa oeste entre San Diego y San Francisco, California, hasta el 21 de agosto de 1953, cuando se desmanteló para regresar a la Flota de Reserva.TCG Cerbe (S 341)
Destinado a préstamo bajo el Programa de Asistencia Militar, el veterano submarino se convirtió en un submarino GUPPY en el Astillero Naval Mare Island y se lo volvió a enviar nuevamente el 16 de julio de 1954 para prepararse para la transferencia. Desarmado y prestado a Turquía el 23 de octubre de 1954, la Marina de Turquía la encargó de nuevo como TCG Cerbe (S 341), el primer submarino de ese nombre. Inicialmente designada como S 03, posteriormente fue redesignada S 341. El submarino se vendió formalmente a Turquía el 1 de enero de 1972, y posteriormente se desechó.PremiosHammerhead recibió siete estrellas de batalla y un Encomio de la Unidad de la Armada para el servicio de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Las siete patrullas de guerra fueron designadas exitosas.
HistoriaEstados UnidosNombre: HammerheadConstructor: Manitowoc Shipbuilding Co., Manitowoc, Wisconsin [1]Dispuesto: 5 de mayo de 1943 [1]Lanzado: 24 de octubre de 1943 [1]Oficial:
1 de marzo de 1944 - 9 de febrero de 1946 [1]
6 de febrero de 1952 - 21 de agosto de 1953 [1]
16 de julio - 23 de octubre de 1954 [2]
Golpeado: 1 de enero de 1972 [3]Destino:
Transferido a Turquía,
23 de octubre de 1954 [3]
Turco JackTurkeyNombre: TCG Cerbe (S 341)Adquirido: 23 de octubre de 1954Encargado: 23 de octubre de 1954Desarmado: 4 de mayo de 1972Destino: DesechadoCaracterísticas generalesClase y tipo: submarino diesel-eléctrico Gato-clase [3]Desplazamiento:
1,525 toneladas (1,549 t) aparecieron [3]
2.424 toneladas (2.460 t) sumergidas [3]
Longitud: 311 pies 9 in (95.02 m) [3]Haz: 27 pies 3 pulg. (8,31 m) [3]Calado: 17 pies 0 in (5.18 m) máximo [3]Propulsión:
4 × Motores diesel modelo 16-278A V16 de General Motors que conducen generadores eléctricos [4] [5]
2 pilas de Sargo de 126 celdas [6]
Motores eléctricos General Electric de 4 × alta velocidad con engranajes de reducción [4]
dos hélices [4]
5.400 shp (4.0 MW) a la superficie [4]
2.740 shp (2.0 MW) sumergidos [4]
Velocidad:
21 nudos (39 km / h) surgieron [7]
9 nudos (17 km / h) sumergidos [7]
Rango: 11,000 nmi (20,000 km) con superficie a 10 nudos (19 km / h) [7]Resistencia:
48 horas a 2 nudos (4 km / h) sumergidos [7]
75 días en patrulla
Profundidad de prueba: 300 pies (90 m) [7]Complemento: 6 oficiales, 54 alistados [7] (paz); 80-85 (guerra) [8]Armamento:
Tubos de torpedo de 10 × 21 pulgadas (533 mm) (seis adelante, cuatro atrás, 24 torpedos)
una pistola de cubierta calibre 3 in (76 mm) / 50
dos ametralladoras .30 cal (7.62 mm) [9]
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